Classical methods for the determination of glycan structures, such as the applied HPLC- and electrophoresis-based methods, are time-consuming due to the release and fluorescence labeling of the glycans. Enzymatic methods for glycan release can often take several hours. In addition, the release of protein-bound O-glycans requires the undesirable use of highly toxic substances.

There are various possibilities for cleaning solar modules, which have various disadvantages: 1. self-cleaning by lotus effect Disadvantage: works only at higher installation angles and regular rainfall 2. manual cleaning Disadvantage: very high operating costs 3. cleaning systems permanently installed on solar tables Disadvantages: very high investment costs, maintenance-intensive 4. manually transportable robots Disadvantage: investment […]

Fuel cells are electricitygenerating devices that electrochemically convert the energy stored in fuels into electricity. Water balance is one of the greatest challenges associated with the PEM fuel cell. Depending on the load and the operating conditions, the electrolyte membrane can flood or dry out. There are various strategies to achieve the correct water balance, […]

IMS are widely used systems for the rapid and sensitive detection of various substances. Drift time IMS measure the time it takes for ions to travel a certain distance in an electric field. To generate a defined field, the drift region is surrounded by a large number of drift rings, each of which is set […]

The use of films containing azobenzene as information carriers in recordable optical data carriers such as CDs or DVDs is well known. For this purpose, a film containing azobenzene is applied to a transparent carrier and covered by a reflective metal layer, which may contain various metals, including nickel. Laser light of relatively high energy […]

The structure of proteins and protein complexes determines their functions in pharmaceutical applications. The extensively used fluorescence methods for exploring protein structures are based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Meanwhile, molecular beacons based on FRET are widely used for DNA hybridization in polymer chain reactions (PCR). However, the sensitive distance of FRET is limited […]

Existing camera-based people tracking systems produce false trajectories when people are obscured by other people or obstacles, or if the objects look very similar. Especially in the sports sector, people tracking systems are not able to provide correct trajectories.

In waterjet cutting, a distinction is made between pure waterjet cutting and abrasive waterjet cutting. Pure waterjet cutting is only suitable for cutting soft materials, which is why abrasive waterjet cutting is mostly used industrially. It is suitable for cutting almost all materials and is divided into injector jet cutting and suspension jet cutting. So […]

Additive manufacturing processes are increasingly being used productively due to their new design possibilities. These include, for example, layer-by-layer construction with a print head or powder-based processes.

The generation of labelled data is extremely cost-intensive and error-prone. Using Amazon Mechanical Turk, for example, requires accurate verification of label results, automated relabelling and filtering of useful results.

LDS (laser direct structuring) is a technology for applying conductor paths to injection-moulded components. A corresponding moulded part consists of doped plastics provided with organometallic additives (LDS additives). A laser beam causes a chemical reaction on the surface, which produces a thin, metallic, roughened surface. In subsequent coating processes, layers of copper, nickel and gold […]

Micro-pixel LEDs, DMD / DLP, LCD, Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) and scanners are used in headlight systems. Currently, innovative functions such as glare-free high beam or road projections are being implemented to increase traffic safety and driving comfort. Chromatic road projections are particularly promising because they can generate the light information on the road […]

Additive manufacturing strategies are transferred to large-scale building components made of concreate. Additive manufactoring methods heretofore known in the state of the art are extruding concrete strands and particle bed printing.

There are considerable efforts to release drugs from neuronal implants using different methods. So far, no sustainable and universal concept has been found. Platinum is suitable as an electrode material because of its good electrochemical properties and because it is organicinert. It can also be produced in porous form and could store and release active […]

The radar sensors of a vehicle scan different angular ranges and make the data available to the driver assistance system.

The proposed optical switching of the photoactive unit in the backbone of the linker molecules of the MOF as claimed in WO 2014015383 A1 and EP 13823026 is not practical since the whole crystal structure expands and shrinks upon optical switching like an accordion or like bellows.

In processes such as laser cutting, for example, tilted components can cause collisions with a processing instrument. Laser triangulation can be used to detect obstacles. Process light prevents the reliable detection of laser lines and thus the detection of obstacles.

Carbon fibres in various technical areas are specially synthesised, and their design is usually based on their mechanical properties. A high proportion of graphite already ensures electrical conductivity, which is even lower than that of metallic conductors such as copper or aluminium.

Manufacturing processes are usually carried out in natural air atmosphere, whereby a permanent oxidation of the surfaces of the workpiece and tool takes place.

The optical control of a power semiconductor via optical fibers (FO), which ensures separation of the electrical potential, simplifies the design of a power electronic converter. Previously, there were only light-controlled thyristors that could be optically switched on but not off. This disadvantage is overcome by the inventive solution.

The use of PVD systems for coating components requires a vacuum environment. The vacuum systems limit the use of any size components, furthermore, a chemical reaction of certain materials during the sputtering process can not be excluded.Therefore, in this novel process, the component to be coated and the vacuum process are separated from each other.

Until now, mainly AC systems in high-voltage transmission have been used in Europe. However, DC systems are suitable for higher outputs with the same track width, for longer distances and for longer cable connections.